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New Jersey Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Lawyer

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in New Jersey is a significant decision that can offer a fresh start to those overwhelmed by debt. Chapter 7 bankruptcy, also known as liquidation bankruptcy, allows individuals to erase most of their unsecured debts, such as credit card debt and medical bills, through the liquidation of their assets. Understanding the specifics of this process is crucial to making informed decisions and maximizing the benefits of bankruptcy.

If you’re considering this financial option, the guidance of a knowledgeable New Jersey Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorney can be invaluable. The team at Straffi & Straffi Attorneys at Law is well-equipped to assist individuals in New Jersey who are exploring the option of filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. With the help of our New Jersey bankruptcy lawyers, you can better understand your options and make choices that help lead to financial recovery.

For anyone looking to clear their debts and regain financial stability, connecting with Straffi & Straffi Attorneys at Law can be the first step toward achieving your financial goals. Contact them today to discuss how they can assist you with your Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing and help you move towards financial well-being.

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What is Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?

Chapter 7 bankruptcy, often referred to as “liquidation” or “straight” bankruptcy, is a fundamental legal process designed to provide relief to individuals and businesses overwhelmed by debt. Chapter 7 bankruptcy allows debtors to discharge most of their unsecured debts, such as credit card debt, medical bills, and personal loans, through the liquidation of their non-exempt assets. The process is overseen by a bankruptcy trustee who sells the debtor’s non-exempt assets to pay off creditors. It’s important to note that in Chapter 7, certain assets can be protected from liquidation under state-specific exemption laws.

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What is the Means Test in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?

The means test is a critical component in the Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing process, designed to determine whether an individual’s income is low enough to qualify for this type of bankruptcy relief. The test was implemented as part of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 to curb perceived abuses of the bankruptcy system. Here’s a detailed breakdown of how the means test works and its implications for potential filers.

The first step in the means test is to compare the debtor’s average monthly income over the six months prior to filing against the median income for a household of the same size in their state. As of April 1, 2024, the median income for a one-income household in New Jersey is $83,102. Median income data is provided and regularly updated by the U.S. Census Bureau and adjusted by the U.S. Trustee Program.

  • Below Median Income: If your income is below the median for your state and household size, you automatically pass the means test and can file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
  • Above Median Income: If your income exceeds the median, you must proceed to the second step of the means test, which involves a more detailed analysis of your income and allowable expenses.

For those with incomes above the median, the next step involves subtracting specific monthly expenses from your current monthly income to determine your “disposable income.”

The allowable expenses are a mix of actual costs and standardized national or local allowances and include:

  • Basic necessities like food, clothing, and household supplies
  • Housing and utilities
  • Transportation costs
  • Health care expenses not covered by insurance
  • Mandatory payroll deductions such as income taxes and social security
  • Payments on secured debts, such as car loans or mortgages
  • Court-ordered payments like alimony or child support
  • Educational expenses for employment or physically disabled children
  • Charitable contributions

After deducting these allowable expenses from your monthly income, the result is your monthly disposable income. If this amount is below a certain threshold, you can file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. If your disposable income is too high, you may have to file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy instead, which involves setting up a repayment plan rather than liquidating assets to pay off debts.

The means test serves as a gatekeeping mechanism in the Chapter 7 filing process, ensuring that this type of bankruptcy relief is available primarily to those who lack sufficient income to pay off their debts. If you do not pass the means test, it is generally assumed that your income is sufficient to pay off your debts through a Chapter 13 repayment plan. This test is a decisive factor in the type of bankruptcy filing you are eligible for.

Additionally, to file for bankruptcy in New Jersey, you must have completed a credit counseling course from an approved agency within 180 days before your filing date. Aside from the means test, this requirement ensures that all potential filers are fully informed about their financial situation and alternatives to bankruptcy before they proceed with filing.

In cases where it’s unclear whether you qualify for Chapter 7, a bankruptcy attorney can provide guidance on how to effectively manage your deductions. This might include strategies like planning for significant necessary expenses at the right time or keeping precise records of all deductible costs. These tactics can be crucial for those on the borderline of eligibility, aiding them in meeting the requirements for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. 

If you’re considering bankruptcy, it’s advisable to consult with a bankruptcy attorney who can provide guidance based on the latest laws and help you understand the implications of the means test.

Contact Straffi & Straffi Attorneys at Law today at (732) 341-3800 for more information.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Filing for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a significant decision that carries both potential benefits and downsides. The advantages and disadvantages should be carefully considered to determine whether this type of bankruptcy best suits your circumstances.

  • Debt Discharge: The most prominent advantage of Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the discharge of debts. This process eliminates many types of unsecured debts such as credit card debt, medical bills, and personal loans, providing a fresh financial start.
  • Quick Process: Compared to other types of bankruptcy, Chapter 7 can be relatively quick—typically taking about 3 to 6 months from filing to discharge, allowing debtors to start anew in a relatively short time frame.
  • Asset Exemptions: Those filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy can select the exemptions they want to use for the filing, whether federal or state exemptions. Careful consideration of these exemptions is necessary to determine which fits the filer’s circumstances the best.
  • Automatic Stay: Upon filing, an automatic stay is immediately put into place, which stops most creditors from collecting debts, garnishing wages, or foreclosing on a home, thus providing immediate relief from collection activities.
  • Credit Rebuilding: After a bankruptcy discharge, debtors often experience a quicker recovery of their credit score compared to continuing with defaulted debts. With prudent financial management, individuals can begin to rebuild their credit immediately.
  • Credit Impact: A Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing significantly impacts your credit score and remains on your credit report for 10 years. This can make obtaining new credit, such as mortgages or auto loans, more difficult and expensive.
  • Public Record: A bankruptcy filing is a public record, which can be a concern for those worried about their financial affairs becoming public knowledge.
  • Property Loss: While many personal assets can be exempted, non-exempt assets can be liquidated by the bankruptcy trustee to pay creditors. This might include luxury items, second homes, or additional vehicles.
  • Ineligibility for Certain Debts: Not all debts can be discharged in bankruptcy. For example, student loans, most tax debts, alimony, and child support obligations are not dischargeable under Chapter 7.
  • Eligibility Requirements: Not everyone qualifies for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. There is a “means test” that compares your income to the median income for a household of your size in New Jersey. If your income is too high, you may be required to file Chapter 13 instead.
  • Future Bankruptcy Restrictions: After filing for Chapter 7, you cannot file for Chapter 7 again for another 8 years, which can be problematic if you face financial difficulties again soon after.

Deciding to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in New Jersey requires careful consideration of both the advantages and the potential drawbacks. It’s often advised to consult with a knowledgeable bankruptcy attorney to thoroughly understand how these factors apply to your specific situation and to help address New Jersey’s bankruptcy laws. To learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of Chapter 7 bankruptcy and how they apply to you, contact Straffi & Straffi Attorneys at Law today for a consultation.

The Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Process

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in New Jersey begins with the preparation of a petition and financial statements detailing the debtor’s assets, debts, income, and expenses. This filing is done in the federal bankruptcy court that serves the area where the individual lives or where the business debtor is organized or has its principal place of business or principal assets. 

In New Jersey, there are several districts, and knowing where to file is part of the initial steps. The process officially starts once the petition is filed, which triggers an automatic stay that stops most creditors from pursuing debts outside the bankruptcy proceedings.

Required Documents for Filing Chapter 7Details
Financial DocumentationList of all creditors and the amount and nature of their claims; the source, amount, and frequency of the debtor’s income; a list of all of the debtor’s property; and a detailed list of monthly living expenses
Legal FormsDebtors must complete and file a series of official forms, starting with the bankruptcy petition itself
Means Test CalculationThis form determines eligibility for filing Chapter 7 under the income requirements specific to New Jersey
Credit Counseling ProofProof of credit counseling from an approved agency within 180 days before filing

To file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in New Jersey, debtors need to compile several key documents:

  • Financial Documentation: This includes a list of all creditors and the amount and nature of their claims; the source, amount, and frequency of the debtor’s income; a list of all of the debtor’s property; and a detailed list of monthly living expenses.
  • Legal Forms: Debtors must complete and file a series of official forms, starting with the bankruptcy petition itself.
  • Means Test Calculation: This form will determine eligibility for filing Chapter 7 under the income requirements specific to New Jersey.
  • Credit Counseling Proof: Filers are required to show proof of credit counseling from an approved agency within 180 days before filing.

When a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case is initiated, the court assigns a bankruptcy trustee to handle various responsibilities associated with the process. The trustee’s first task is to assess the assets of the debtor to identify any nonexempt items. These nonexempt assets are then liquidated, with the proceeds used to repay creditors. This part of the trustee’s duty ensures that all available assets are fairly utilized to settle debts.

In addition to managing assets, the trustee also oversees the meeting of creditors. This is a crucial phase where creditors have the opportunity to ask the debtor questions regarding their financial situation and the bankruptcy. The debtor is required to respond to these inquiries under oath, providing clarity and further details about their financial status and the involved assets.

Furthermore, the trustee plays a critical role in monitoring the bankruptcy for any indications of fraud or eligibility issues. It is the trustee’s responsibility to ensure that the bankruptcy proceeds in accordance with the legal requirements, maintaining the integrity of the process. This oversight helps protect the interests of all parties involved and upholds the standards of the bankruptcy system.

The 341 meeting, also known as the meeting of creditors, is an essential step in the bankruptcy process. Scheduled typically about a month after the bankruptcy filing, this meeting requires debtors to answer questions under oath from the bankruptcy trustee and any creditors that choose to attend. The meeting focuses on the debtor’s finances and the accuracy of the information presented in the bankruptcy forms.

Despite potentially being a daunting prospect, the meeting is usually brief, often concluding in just a few minutes. Preparation is key; being familiar with the documents you have filed and understanding the details can greatly ease the process. At the meeting, while creditors have the right to ask questions, in many cases they do not attend, leaving the trustee as the primary questioner. The trustee’s main role during this meeting is to confirm the veracity of the submitted documents and the debtor’s financial disclosures.

For those considering filing for bankruptcy, understanding each part of the process—from preparing the necessary documents to understanding the trustee’s responsibilities and the dynamics of the creditors’ meeting—can help manage expectations and navigate the proceedings with more confidence and preparation. The help of a skilled New Jersey Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorney is also invaluable in tackling the process efficiently and with confidence.

For more information on how we can help, contact us today at (732) 341-3800.

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Assets and Exemptions in Chapter 7

Exemptions in bankruptcy are critical because they determine what assets you are allowed to keep out of the bankruptcy estate, which is otherwise used to pay creditors. New Jersey offers a choice between using state-specific exemptions or the federal exemption system, but not both. This unique aspect allows debtors to choose the set of exemptions that best protects their assets. It’s important to make this decision wisely, as it directly impacts the outcome of the bankruptcy in terms of what assets you can retain.

Protecting your assets during Chapter 7 bankruptcy involves careful planning and understanding which assets are considered exempt:

  • Choose the Right Exemption Scheme: As mentioned, New Jersey allows you to choose between state and federal exemptions. Your attorney can help review both lists to determine which one more favorably covers your significant assets.
  • Accurate Disclosure: Fully and accurately disclosing all assets on your bankruptcy forms is crucial. Hiding assets can lead to penalties and loss of exemption protections.
  • Understanding Liquidation Risks: Be aware that assets not covered by exemptions could be sold by the bankruptcy trustee. If keeping certain assets is critical, you might consider if other bankruptcy chapters or alternatives to bankruptcy would be more appropriate.

New Jersey’s specific exemptions include a variety of asset categories. The state stands out because it does not offer a homestead exemption to protect a filer’s home equity. Instead, filers may opt to use the federal exemptions, which provide a more modest homestead exemption. Additionally, under federal bankruptcy law, if one spouse files for bankruptcy and they own property together as tenants by the entirety, the property is generally protected from creditors of the filing spouse. However, this protection does not apply if both spouses file for bankruptcy. This area of law can be complex, so it’s advisable to consult with a lawyer to navigate these rules effectively.

Regarding exemptions for motor vehicles, New Jersey does not have a specific one for vehicles. Filers have the option to apply a $1,000 exemption for personal property towards their vehicle’s equity or use the federal motor vehicle exemption. It’s important to note that filers must choose either state or federal exemptions, but cannot mix and match between the two systems.

New Jersey offers various other exemptions which include:

  • Cemetery and burial funds, protecting cemetery lands and associated trust funds.
  • Compensation for crime victims, covering expenses from an injury claim.
  • Insurance benefits, such as life insurance proceeds that are protected from creditors, and certain annuity benefits up to $500 a month.
  • Pensions and retirement benefits for public employees, teachers, police officers, firefighters, and other specific groups.
  • Personal property exemptions that cover clothing, household goods up to $1,000, and certain wages.
  • Public assistance, specifically for the elderly.
  • Business-related property, including stocks and interests in corporations.
  • Unemployment compensation.
  • A wildcard exemption that allows filers to exempt up to $1,000 of any personal property.
  • Workers’ compensation benefits.

One of the most standout differences available for filers opting for the federal exemptions is the availability of the homestead exemption. The Federal Bankruptcy Homestead Exemption allows you to protect up to $27,900 of equity in your principal residence, provided you live in the home. This exemption covers various types of residential properties, including houses, condominiums, and residential trailers. However, it does not cover investment or rental properties. 

In addition to the homestead exemption, the federal exemptions also apply to the following:

  • Motor Vehicle: Up to $4,450 can be exempted for a motor vehicle.
  • Jewelry: You can exempt up to $1,875 worth of jewelry.
  • Household Items: There is an exemption limit of $700 per item, with a total aggregate value of $14,875 for items like household goods, furnishings, appliances, clothing, books, animals, crops, and musical instruments.
  • Tools of the Trade: Tools, implements, and books necessary for your trade can be protected up to $2,800.
  • Health Aids: These are fully exempt.
  • Life Insurance: The loan value, accrued dividends, or interest in life insurance policies can be exempted up to $14,875.
  • Support and Public Benefits Protection: Exemptions include necessary spousal or child support, required life insurance payments, and social benefits like Social Security, unemployment benefits, veteran’s benefits, public assistance, and disability or illness benefits.
  • Personal Injury Recoveries: Up to $27,900 is exempt for personal injury claims, excluding pain and suffering or pecuniary loss. Additional exemptions cover the loss of future earnings necessary for support, any recoveries for wrongful death of a provider, and compensation from being a crime victim.
  • Retirement accounts: Most retirement accounts, if exempt from taxation, are fully protected in bankruptcy. For IRAs and Roth IRAs, the exemption limit is $1,512,350.
  • Wildcard exemption: You can use a federal wildcard exemption of $1,475, plus up to $13,950 of any unused homestead exemption, to protect any property of your choice.

Choosing between the federal and the state exemptions is a strategic decision that can significantly affect your financial future post-bankruptcy. Consulting a knowledgeable bankruptcy attorney who can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation and assets is crucial to ensure you make the most of the protections available. 

Under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, many types of debts can be cleared, and while credit card debt is the most commonly discharged, there are several others included:

  • Medical bills
  • Past-due utility bills
  • Business debts
  • Personal loans from friends, family, and employers
  • Collection agency accounts
  • Money owed under lease agreements
  • Social security overpayments
  • Veteran assistance loans and overpayments

In addition, some debts that are generally not dischargeable might be cleared under specific circumstances. For example, student loans can be discharged if it is demonstrated that their repayment causes undue hardship. Claims from auto accidents may also be discharged, provided the incident did not involve drunk driving. Dishonored checks are dischargeable if there was no fraud involved. Lastly, attorney fees can be discharged, although fees related to child support and alimony cannot be. Consult a skilled bankruptcy attorney to learn whether these may apply to your case.

Non-dischargeable Debts in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Certain types of debts are not dischargeable under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, meaning they cannot be eliminated through the bankruptcy process. These include:

  • Debts not listed in the bankruptcy filing, referred to as schedules.
  • Most student loans, except in cases where repaying them would cause undue hardship for the debtor and their dependents.
  • Recent tax debts, including federal, state, and local taxes.
  • Child support and spousal maintenance (alimony).
  • Restitution, fines, and penalties imposed by the government.
  • Court fees.
  • Liabilities from personal injury or wrongful death caused by drunk driving.
  • Debts that were not discharged in a previous bankruptcy.
  • Certain pensions-related debts.
  • Specific debts related to condominium dues and fees.
  • Debts not cleared in a previous bankruptcy due to the debtor’s fraudulent actions.

These debts remain the responsibility of the debtor even after other debts might be discharged.

Additional Non-Dischargeable Debts

Certain debts may not be discharged in a bankruptcy case if a creditor challenges the discharge during the proceedings.

Creditors need to demonstrate that these debts fall into specific categories defined by bankruptcy law:

  • Debts incurred through fraudulent activities.
  • Income tax debts, which depend on specific personal conditions.
  • Debts for luxury goods or services purchased within 90 days before the bankruptcy filing.
  • Cash advances received within 70 days prior to filing for bankruptcy.
  • Debts resulting from deliberate and harmful actions.
  • Debts arising from embezzlement, theft, or breach of fiduciary duty.
  • Debts outlined in a divorce settlement or court order if canceling the debt would harm the recipient more than it would benefit the debtor.

These types of debts require careful consideration during the bankruptcy process, as they are subject to scrutiny and potential objection from creditors. 

Choosing an attorney who is well-versed in New Jersey bankruptcy laws offers several advantages:

  • Local Legal Nuances: New Jersey-specific bankruptcy lawyers are familiar with state and local laws and exemptions, which can significantly impact your case.
  • Court Procedures: Each state has its own court procedures, and local attorneys are more likely to be familiar with the procedures and personnel of New Jersey bankruptcy courts. This familiarity can facilitate a smoother process.
  • Networking with Local Trustees: Experienced local lawyers usually have established relationships with bankruptcy trustees and judges, which can help in negotiating agreements and resolving disputes more efficiently.

Selecting the right bankruptcy lawyer in New Jersey involves careful consideration of their track record, reputation, communication skills, and local experience. By thoroughly vetting potential lawyers, you can significantly enhance your likelihood of achieving a favorable outcome in your bankruptcy proceedings.

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Contact us to schedule a free legal consultation so we can discuss your case together.

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Professional Legal Assistance From a Top-Rated New Jersey Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Attorney

Understanding the Chapter 7 bankruptcy process in New Jersey is essential for those considering this path to financial recovery. The team at Straffi & Straffi Attorneys at Law brings a wealth of knowledge and practical guidance to help you explore your bankruptcy options thoroughly. With our team’s assistance, you can confidently move forward in your journey to financial well-being.

If you’re ready to take control of your financial situation and seek relief from overwhelming debt, reach out to Straff & Straffi Attorneys at Law. Our experienced team is prepared to provide the support you need to make informed decisions and start afresh.

Contact us today at (732) 341-3800 to learn more about how we can assist you with your Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing. Your path to a brighter financial future begins here.

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